Compare And Contrast Leadership Theories - 1225 Words

I. Introduction of theories: Emotional Intelligence, Servant Leadership, Social Identity Theory, and Trait Theory II. Leadership Theories A. Emotional Intelligence 1. Emotional intelligence defined 2. Importance and application of emotional intelligence B. Servant Leadership 1. Who are servant leaders 2. How to be a servant leader C. Social Identity Theory 1. Concept of Social Identity Theory 2. Self-perceptions in relation to a group D. Trait Theory 1. Explain what is the trait theory 2. Why the trait theory is important Compare and contrast III. Conclusion Introduction If a person wants to be a†¦show more content†¦Certain abilities are often associated with emotional intelligence such as empathy, â€Å"self-regulation, motivations, self-awareness and relationship building† (Morton 2012 p.7). Along with these abilities, the leader should be socially competent. This is â€Å"the ability to integrate thinking, feeling and behavior to achieve social tasks and outcome valued in the host context and culture† (Neikerk 2012 p. 49 ). The effective leader â€Å"must be adept at driving the collective emotions in a positive direction...able to motivate optimal performance...to elicit the best out of their followers† (Morton 2012 p.16). Through emotional intelligence, a leader is able to set a positive atmosphere and motivation for a group to help the members collectively reach the goal of the group. The bible tells us this theory is important through Proverbs 11:25 â€Å"A generous person will prosper, whoe ver refreshes others will be refreshed.† Servant Leadership The servant leader seeks to identify the goal of a group and helps them achieve the goal. 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Left versus Right Brain and Learning - 800 Words

Left versus Right Brain and Learning Each person has a governing hemisphere and once learning becomes a technical process, the idyllic portion of the brain takes charge of solving the issue at hand. There are two sides of the brain, which directly influence learning and produce different ways of receiving, storing and responding to information which ultimately affects our whole learning process. The cerebral cortex is broken down into two hemispheres, left and right, with it being home to the functions that make us human (Lucas, 2008). Human beings are expected to process information based on their dominant hemisphere, even though the learning process improves as a result of the two hemispheres functioning together. This means that we†¦show more content†¦Most significantly, the left-brain is often described as being better at: language, logic, critical thinking, numbers, and reasoning (Cherry, 2014). The positive effects of the left sided brain learners are that they can ea sily and quickly evoke names rather than appearances and express with very few gestures thus evolving much more robust communication patterns. Left sided learners are also highly systematized and and have great time management skills and enjoy creating lists to plot out plans day to day. Left brainers are more likely to thrive in certain careers such as; computer programmers, accounting firms, engineering plants and many more technical career fields. Furthermore, the right brain impacts learning by concurrent hemispheric style, which is deliberated as being global. The main focus of the right brain is visual, which means they process information in an expressive way and like to show creativity in their work (Cherry, 2014). Right brain learners prefer to learn by visually seeing the whole picture first, and then eyeing at the specifics after that. 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Vocabulary Booster German English free essay sample

English Deutsch Erklarung UNIT 18 Beispiele Market leader Marktfuhrer someone or something that is winning during a race or other situation where people are competing A company’s sales expressed as a percentage of the total market Short-term tactics designed to stimulate stronger sales of a product The situation in which there is only one seller of a product; a market in a particular product in which a single producer can fix an artificial price. Companies offering similar goods or services to the same set of customers A short and easily memorized phrase used in advertising The division of a market into submarkets according to the needs or buying habits of different groups of potential customers A small and specific market segment; an area or position which is exactly suitable for a small group of the same type Microsoft is a world leader in software design. Market share Marktanteil Promotion, Warenangebot Monopol, Monopolstellung The company has increased its market share. Promotion There was a promotion in the supermarket and they were giving away free glasses of wine. The government is determined to protect its tobacco monopoly. Monopoly Competitors Konkurrenten Werbespruch, Motto, Slogan Marktsegmentierung, Marktunterteilung Nische Their prices are better than any of their competitors. an advertising slogan Slogan Market segmentation City Insurance segmented the market into three by issuing three types of policy. Niche an ecological niche. 1 Differential advantage Turnover Differentialvorteil, -vorzug Umsatz Rezession Perfekter Wettbewerb A factor which makes you superior to competitors in a certain respect A business’s total sales revenue A period during which an economy is working below its potential When products are homogeneous, and there are a great many firms too small to have any influence on the market price, and firms can easily enter and exit the industry Situation in which there is only one buyer Industry in which the efficient existence of more than one producer is impossible; examples include public utilities such as water, gas and electricity, where it would be inefficient to have several competing companies laying their own networks of pipes or cables. When many producers of slightly differentiated products are able to sell them at well above their marginal costs. A concentrated market dominated by a few large suppliers. This is very frequent in manufacturing because of economies of scale and the cost barriers of entering and industry Factors which cause the average cost of producing something to fall as output increases. Large supermarkets have high turnovers (= their goods sell very quickly). The country is sliding into the depths of (a) recession. The two companies are in competition with each other. Recession Perfect competition Monopsony Natural monopoly Monopson Naturliches Monopol Monopolistic competition Monopolistischer Wettbewerb Oligopoly Oligopol Economies of scale Massenproduktionsvorteile 2 Barriers to entry Zugangsbeschrankungen Economic or technical factors that make it difficult or impossible for firms to enter a market or compete with existing suppliers. One in which a market leader can indicate its preferred price to smaller competitors. Dominant-firm oligopoly Cartel Kartell Group of producers or sellers who fix prices and quantities in order to avoid competition and increase profits. This is illegal in many countries, most notably the USA an oil cartel 3 UNIT 19 Innovation Innovation, Neuerung Streuen, aufteilen Fusionieren, verschmelzen, Uberfall, Angriff Designing new products and bringing then to the market To expand into new fields To unite, combine, amalgamate, integrate or join together Buying another company’s shares on the stock exchange, hoping to persuade enough other shareholders to sell to take control of the company A public offer to a company’s shareholders to buy their shares, at a particular price during a particular period, so as to acquire a company To merge with or take over other firms producing the same type of goods or services Joining with firms in other stages of the production or sale of a product A merger with or the acquisition of one’s suppliers A merger with or the acquisition of one’s marketing outlets Combined production that is greater than the sum of the separate parts Team work at its best results in a synergy that can be very productive. The company made a takeover bid for a riva l firm. the latest innovations in computer technology To diversify Many wheat farmers have begun to diversify into other forms of agriculture. They decided to merge the two companies into one. To merge A raid Takeover bid Ubernahmeangebot Horizontal Horizontal, waagrecht Vertikal, senkrecht Rucklaufig, ruckwarts gerichtet Vorwarts, voraus Synergie Draw a horizontal line across the bottom of the page. vertical lines/stripes Vertical Backward Forward Synergy 4 UNIT 23 Printing money and destroying it Setting interest rates, ceilings floors Commercial banking supervision Controlling the amount of banknotes in circulation Establishing maximum and minimum lending rates, thereby controlling the credit system Ensuring that banks have a sufficient liquidity ratio to allow customers to withdraw their deposits when they want Intervening on foreign exchange markets, buying or selling large amounts of the national currency, to prevent major fluctuations Lending money to a commercial bank in danger of going bankrupt Selling government bonds to commercial banks or buying them back, in order to alter the amount of credit the banks can offer (and thereby alter the money supply) Einkommensteuer Direkte Steuer (nach oben) gestaffelte Steuer Indirekte Steuer Mehrwertsteuer, Umsatzsteuer The tax people pay on their wages and salaries A tax on wages and salaries or on company profits A tax levied at a higher rate on higher incomes A tax paid on property, sales transactions, imports, and so on A tax collected at each stage of production, excluding the already-taxed costs from previous Exchange rates supervision Act as a lender of los resort Open market operations Income tax Direct tax Progressive tax Indirect tax Value-added tax 5 tages Capital gains tax Kapitalertragssteuer Erbschafts- und Schenkungssteuer Reichens teuer, Vermogenssteuer Steuerhinterziehung (legale) Steuervermeidung Abschreibung Abhaltung, negativer Anreiz rucklaufig Konsum, Verbrauch, Verzerr selbststandig Staatliche Sozialversicherung Leistungsanreiz, Vorteil Profits made by selling assets are generally liable to Gifts and inheritances over a certain value are often liable to The annual tax imposed on people’s fortunes (in some countries) Making false declarations to the tax authorities Reducing the amount of tax you pay to a legal minimum Reducing the value of a fixed asset, by charging it against profits Something which discourages an action An adjective describing a tax that is proportionally higher for people with less money Spending money to uy things, rather than saving it; Spending on goods and services Working for yourself, being your own boss A tax on incomes that pays for sickness benefit, unemployment benefit, and old-age pensions Non-financial benefits or advantages of a job A way to delay the payment of t ax to a later time Steuerlich absetzbar Describes expenditures that can be taken away Capital transfer tax Wealth tax Tax evasion Tax avoidance Depreciation Disincentive Regressive Consumption Self-employed National insurance Perks Tax shelters Tax-deductible 6 from taxable income or profits Tax havens Steueroasen A country offering very low tax rates to foreign businesses 7 UNIT 25 Expectations Mortgage Erwartungen, Aussichten Hypothek, Verpfanden Mieten, Pacht Output, Leistung Investition, Anlage Industrielle Jemanden entlassen, feuern demografisch Einschrankung Annahmen Ware, Handelsware Ausgleich, Gleichgewicht Beliefs about what will happen in the future Money borrowed in order to buy a house or flat or apartment Money paid for the use of a house or flat owned by somebody else The amount of something produced by a company, a country, and so on Spending on new machines, factories, and so on Owners or managers of manufacturing companies To dismiss employees Concerning the number of births, deaths, population movements, and so on An absence of luxury and comfort something that you accept as true without question or proof a substance or product that can be traded, bought or sold a state of balance People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a disability. The countrys most valuable commodities include tin and diamonds. The disease destroys much of the inner-ear, disturbing the animals equilibrium. Rent (Country’s) output Investment Industrialists Lay off Demographic Austerity Assumptions Commodity Equilibrium 8 Exchange Tauschen exogen Information Ressourcen, Mittel when you give something to someone and they give you something else They were given food and shelter in exchange for work. Exogenous Information facts about a situation, person, event, etc a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization or person I read an interesting bit/piece of information in the newspaper. The countrys greatest resource is the dedication of its workers. Resources 9 UNIT 27 Visible trade Invisible imports and exports Barter or countertrade Balance of trade Warenverkehr, sichtbarer Handel Inlandische Dienstleistung an Auslander, unsichtbarer Handel Tauschhandel Handelsbilanz Zahlungsbilanz Trade in goods Trade in services (banking, insurance, tourism, and so on) Direct exchanges of goods, without the use of money The difference between what a country receives and pays for its exports and imports of goods The difference between a country’s total earnings from exports and its total expenditure on imports The (impossible) situation in which a country is completely self-sufficient and has no foreign trade A positive balance of trade or payments A negative balance of trade or payments Selling goods abroad at (or below) cost price Imposing trade barriers in order to restrict imports Taxes charged on imports Quantitative limits on the import of particular products or commodities Balance of payments Autarky Autarkie, wirtschaftliche Unabhangigkeit Ubersch uss, Mehrbetrag Defizit, Verlust, Mangel Preisunterbietung Protektionismus, Schutzzollpolitik Tarife, Zolle Quoten Surplus Deficit Dumping Protectionism Tariffs Quotas 10 Infant industries Kleinkinderbranchen UNIT 29 Market opportunity Marktchance Menschen mit hohem Eigenkapital risikoscheu Borsennotiert, notiert Gebuhr, Entgelt, Honorar Eigenkapital Laufende Kosten, variable Kosten Marktdurchdringung Aufsichtsratsmitglied The possibility of providing a new product or service to satisfy particular needs People with a lot of money at their disposal Describes investors who do not want to take risks with their money Describes companies whose shares are traded on the stock exchange Money paid to professional people for a job of work done Another word for stocks or shares: a company’s own capital The day-to-day expenses of operating a business. The attempt to increase or maximize sales, and get a large number of customers Directors who do not work full time for a company, but advise it about strategic issues Individual consumers, households, companies, organizations, etc. Vorausschau Seeing what will happen in the future To do what you prefer to do, at the lowest High net worth individuals Risk averse Listed Fee Equity Running costs Market penetration Non-executive directors Economic agents Foresight To maximize utility 11 possible cost Expectations Erwartungen, Aussichten Existenzgrunder Wachsamkeit, Aufmerksamkeit Unwissenheit Bewusstsein What people think or anticipate will happen in the future A person who starts a business Being quick to see, understand or act in new situations Not knowing about something Knowing or being conscious of something Entrepreneur Alertness Ignorance Awareness 12

The darkness beckoned Essay Example

The darkness beckoned Essay He stared out of the window. The trees tangoed to the soft tune of the wind. The branches swayed seductively in a way that only an erotic belly dancer could imitate. His eyes were held by the branch, transfixed, mesmerised. Then, he shook his head and his eyes continued to roam over the desolate, dense mass his mother called a garden. An owl hooted in the distance, but he didnt stir. The morose mood of the night engulfed him, enslaved him. He couldnt break out, he didnt try. He was already losing the battlewhy try to win the war?It was a question he continually asked himself.Would it have been any different if he had stayed on the chemotherapy?He didnt regret coming off the medication but he did regret the pain he was putting his mother through. His poor mother who had been through so much already. Thats why he had made this decision.He sighed and turned away from the dreary scene at the window. He couldnt back out now. He had come this far already. Chickening out was not an option. He had written a note for his mother, to explain, and he had left notes for those of his friends who mattered. Now, all there was left to do was to wait for the morning to come.He lay his head down on the pillow and waited for sleep to envelop him.He rose early the next morning. This was itno turning back. He went to a mirror that hung over his nightstand and carefully looked at himself.He barely recognised the person staring back at him.What he saw was a face with red rimmed, hollow, sunken eyes, and skin so pale an albino cat would have shone like a bright luminescent light stood next to him. This was different in comparison to the one that stood out on a photo on the top of his drawer. It showed him and his mother.They were happy.Carefree.But then all that changed, and now he was stuck in a place where he didnt want to be. He turned to look at the clock behind him. There was no time to lose. He wanted to be gone before his mother awoke. He hastily looked around the room, making s ure that everything was in place, and then slid out the door, silently shutting it behind him.On his way down the hallway, he passed the door to this mothers room. He wanted to go inside and say goodbye but he didnt. He had to be strong. He had to let go. He closed his eyes and with a sigh, walked on. The thought of leaving his mother lugubrious and alone filled him with a raging anger, impossible to describe. But it had to be done. Tiny pinpricks emerged behind his eyelids. He could feel the hot surge of tears preparing to erupt. He rapidly ran down the stairs, careful not to make any noise, and in through the first door that appeared on his left. He leant back against the cool wall and took a deep breath.There was no time for tears now. He knew that if he started crying, hed probably never stop and his mother was sure to find him there. He wanted to avoid that happening at all costs. He turned out of the room and found himself in the hallway once more.He saw the door in front of h im and reluctantly walked towards it, as if it were a three-headed snake. He quietly turned the doorknob and let out a gasp as sunlight spilled through the hall. He quickly took a step outside and shut the door behind him.This was it. He would never set foot in that house again.He walked down the road and along the brink of the beach. It was a path he knew very well. He had come along this path many times when he was a little boy with his mother and father. The mist was just clearing from over the surface of the sea. It gave a comforting, calming mood that helped to settle his nerves.He used to love strolling along this path. When he was about five years old he remembered being excited because his mother had told him he was going to see the sea. He recalled being excited because he had never seen the sea before and he had no idea what to expect. He could remember his feelings of exultation and how his mother had laughed gaily when he said he was going to become a fisherman when he g rew up.He remembered that particular day because his father was with him. It was the last memory of his father he had.He never saw him again.The war called him away, engulfed himkilled him.He didnt understand war. How could people rejoice in the death of others? How could people stand by and watch while their loved ones were sent to their death? Although it had been eight years since the war had ended, he could still remember everything. The bombings late at night. Little children crying out anxiously in fear and terror. How much his mother cried.From then on, it had been just him and his mother. They worked in union -whatever one needed, the other provided.That was until he found out he had a brain tumour.He remembered the day he first noticed something was wrong. He collapsed during one of his lessons at school. He was immediately rushed to hospital where after a series of annoying, unnecessary tests, they came to the conclusion that he had a tumour.Funny thing was, he didnt actua lly remember how he felt. He couldnt even remember his reaction to being told that unless he had an operation, his chances of survival were a million to one. All he remembered was his mother and how terribly upset she was. She took some solace in the fact that the operation could help permanently get rid of the tumour.But it never did. It just came back, bigger and more powerful than before, but this time, there was no chance of it going away.That was why he was doing this. If the tumour wasnt going to go away, then he would have to. It wasnt an easy decision to make. He had to think of everyone else his decision was going to affect. His mother, his friendshis girlfriend. Only his mother knew what he was going through. No one else. It was probably his fault. He didnt open up to them, but he couldnt help that. How was he supposed to tell the people who cared about him that it was only a matter of months before he died? His friends knew something was wrong, but they never asked.He res ented that.His girlfriend had asked many times, but he had always shrugged it off, blaming it on stress.So whose fault was it? His or theirs?He never told them because they never asked, but when they did, he lied. Deep down, he knew it was all his fault. He blamed himself. He was full of what ifs? What if he had behaved better when he was younger? What if he had been nicer to the neighbours dog? What if he hadnt taken everything in life for granted? Would this be happening to him if he had believed in God?When he was first diagnosed, all he could think about was whether he would be in this position if he had believed in God. His mother had been a strict Christian right up until the day his father had died. Since then, her faith had wavered and she hadnt attended church as much as she used to. He could understand why.His father had been a good man all his life. He had never set a foot wrong. So why did God take him from his family? Was he that cruel? Did he like to impose pain on peo ple? He had asked his mother all these questions and she had replied no, God is not cruel. She said that his father was such a good, kind, caring person that God had taken him to sit in the heavens with Him.But he persisted.What about all those other good, kind, caring people in the world? What about you? Youre good and kind, why didnt God take you? His mother didnt have an answer to this. All she said was that death was part of the natural way of life and that we didnt have a say in it. Yet, he was still not satisfied.Who was God? Was He a man or a beast? Why did He take his father away from him? He didnt understand why people worshipped God. Were they oblivious to the terrors that occurred daily in this world full of hate and disease? What about the shootings, the terrorism, the wars? If there was a God, surely He wouldnt allow these things to happen, would He? And what about all those poor, little children living on the streets selling themselves for money? If a God did exist, He wouldnt have allowed that to happen, no one in his or her right mind would.However, as he thought about it, maybe a God did exist. Maybe God was the one who gave us life and ended it. Maybe it is up to us what happens in between the beginning and the end. But, however much he thought about it, he couldnt persuade himself it was true.What about his brain tumour?As far as Jacob knew, all through his life, he had been a good boy. He wasnt perfect, this he knew. But he wasnt bad either. He had always tried to help his mother and he got good marks at school.So why did he have a brain tumour?He had been led to believe that if you were a good person, then good things would happen to you.So why was this happening to him?His mother had been asking herself the same question. He could understand why God wanted to punish him for not believing in Him, but he couldnt understand why his mother had to be hurt in the process.The place was closer now. He could smell the salt in the air, wafting in f rom the sea. He could see her face when she woke up and realised where he had gone. She would be upsetgrief stricken to put it lightly. But, by then, it would be too late. He would be gone.It would be over.He spotted a path up ahead that led straight to the top of the cliff. He began to climb it. As he got further and further up, he saw more of the sea. He could see the waves forcefully crashing upon the rocks down below him.In and out. In and out.His breathing matched the rhythm of the waves.In and out. In and out.He shut his eyes and stood there for a minute, savouring the moment. Here, he was truly at peace. Away from the sobbing of his mother. Away from the tick-tock of the clock.He hated watching that clock.Tick-tock. Tick-tock. Ticking his life away. Tick-tock.A sharp, ear-splitting cry from a seagull above brought him back to reality. He carried on walking up the steep path. The top of the cliff was nearing now. He could feel the soft breeze of the wind lightly brushing his b ack. The mist from earlier had cleared and as he neared the top of the cliff, he looked around.He was here now. This was it.He cautiously strode towards the edge of the cliff and looked out at the world beyond him. The sight was breathtaking. All he could see for miles and miles was the sapphire blue of the sea. It glistened and glinted against the backdrop of the early morning sun. It had never looked more welcoming as it did now. Seagulls squawked above him and the grass swayed around his feet.This was exactly how he imagined it. He had planned it out so many times in his head, but he never thought he would get this far.Now, he could leave it all behind. The tumour, the mess, the confusion.He heard a church bell ring in the distance. His mother would be waking soon. He had to do this now. He took a few steps back. He wasnt scaredor at least he didnt think he was. He had a funny feeling in his stomach, but he supposed that was because he knew that this was it.This was the end.He lo oked around him. Everything was peaceful and serene. It gave him a sense of calm. It was just how the world should be. No diseases. No drugs. No homelessness. No poverty. Just peace.He ran forward, using as much energy as he could musterand jumped.Was there a God? He was about to find out.